FREE or low-cost hospital care in District of Columbia

District of Columbia at a glance

District of Columbia is home to about 97,388 foreign-born residents (14.3% of the state’s 681,294 people) and 81,152 residents of Hispanic or Latino origin (11.9%), per the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (2024 5-year estimates). The procedures below apply to everyone in District of Columbia regardless of immigration status unless noted.

If you live in District of Columbia and need medical care but DON’T have insurance and CAN’T pay, there are multiple programs to help.

Hospital charity-care law — District of Columbia
State law?Yes — Uncompensated-care obligation under the DC Certificate of Need program (22-B DCMR §4400–4406); covers: facilities holding a Certificate of Need (includes hospitals)
Discounted careUp to 200% FPL — about $66,000/year for a household of 4
What it meansFacilities with a Certificate of Need must provide uncompensated care (free or reduced-charge) worth at least 3% of operating expenses minus Medicare/Medicaid payments; patients with income at or below 200% of the federal poverty level are eligible. A facility-level volume obligation, not an individual entitlement.
Verifydcrules.elaws.us

State laws verified 2026-06-10. Charity-care laws are actively changing — confirm the current rule with the hospital before making decisions.

EMTALA — Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act

Federal law requires ALL hospitals with emergency rooms to:

  • Examine anyone arriving with emergency
  • Stabilize emergency BEFORE any payment consideration
  • CANNOT ask immigration status before treating
  • CANNOT demand payment before stabilizing

This INCLUDES childbirth. If you arrive in labor, they must treat you.

Nonprofit hospitals and Charity Care (IRS Section 501(r))

Nonprofit hospitals (most in District of Columbia) MUST, by federal law:

  • Have a published financial assistance policy
  • Offer discounts to low-income patients
  • NOT charge more than “amounts generally billed” (AGB) to eligible patients
  • Notify patient about Charity Care BEFORE sending bills to collections

Common Charity Care programs

Income-based sliding scale discounts

Federal rules (IRS, Section 501(r)(4)) require each nonprofit hospital facility to have its own written Financial Assistance Policy, so free-care and discount levels differ from hospital to hospital. Ask the hospital’s billing office for its policy; any income threshold set by state law is in the table above.

How to apply

  1. Request application at hospital billing department
  2. Application form — length varies by hospital
  3. Documents: the ones the hospital’s financial assistance policy or application form lists — for example income proof (W-2, 1099, paystubs, ITIN tax return) and household size
  4. Each hospital sets its documents — under the federal 501(r) rules, a nonprofit hospital may deny aid for missing information only if its FAP or application form asks for it
  5. Applies retroactively — if you receive bill, can apply AFTER treatment

Timeline

  • At least 240 days from the first bill after discharge — the federal 501(r) minimum application window
  • If your bill is already in collections, you can STILL apply

Public / safety net hospitals in District of Columbia

Large states have public hospital systems treating everyone regardless of ability to pay:

  • County hospitals
  • Public Hospital Districts
  • Veterans Administration (veterans only)
  • Indian Health Service (Native Americans)

Ask each hospital about its financial assistance policy and its language-assistance services.

Community Health Centers (FQHC)

See: Community Health Centers in District of Columbia

If no emergency (routine care)

  • Medicaid (if eligible): /benefits/medicaid/district-of-columbia/
  • CHIP for your kids: /benefits/chip/district-of-columbia/
  • Marketplace plans (healthcare.gov) — note: DACA recipients were briefly eligible under a 2024 rule, but a 2025 federal rule excluded them again
  • FQHC sliding scale (Federally Qualified Health Centers)
  • Free clinics — search in your area
  • Dental/vision services at medical/dental schools (low prices)

What to do if you receive an impossible medical bill

  1. DON’T IGNORE — leads to collections and credit damage
  2. Call hospital and ask for “Financial Assistance Application” or “Charity Care application”
  3. Negotiate — ask the billing office whether it will accept a reduced amount
  4. Ask about a payment plan — and whether it charges interest
  5. Apply for financial assistance before paying — if a nonprofit hospital finds you eligible on an application filed within its application period, federal 501(r) rules require it to refund what you paid above your discounted amount, unless that excess is less than $5 (or another amount the IRS sets in published guidance), per 26 CFR 1.501(r)-6(c)(6)
  6. Consult pro bono attorney if threatened with garnishment

Resources

Last verified: 2026-09-24.

General information, not medical or legal advice. For specific situations, talk to a Patient Advocate or insurance attorney.