{
 "_meta": {
  "built_on": "2026-07-22",
  "source": "Computed by MigrantUSA from two federal sources",
  "sites_source": "HRSA Health Center Service Delivery and Look-Alike Sites",
  "sites_source_url": "https://data.hrsa.gov/data/download",
  "sites_retrieved_on": "2026-07-07",
  "program_url": "https://bphc.hrsa.gov/about-health-center-program",
  "impact_url": "https://bphc.hrsa.gov/about-health-center-program/impact-health-center-program",
  "find_a_center_url": "https://findahealthcenter.hrsa.gov/",
  "count_note": "Counts are active service delivery and look-alike site records from HRSA's site-level file (18,665 in the 50 states and DC). That is more than the roughly 16,200 funded-program service sites HRSA headlines, because the site-level file also includes look-alike organizations and every active delivery site.",
  "impact_2024": "In 2024, health centers served more than 32.4 million people; about 90% had incomes at or below 200% of the federal poverty level (HRSA).",
  "demographics_source": "US Census Bureau, ACS 2024 5-year estimates (table B05012, foreign-born)",
  "demographics_source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5",
  "method": "For each of the 50 states and DC: the number of federally funded community health center (FQHC) service delivery and look-alike sites in the state (HRSA, retrieved July 2026), the ACS 2024 5-year foreign-born population, and the ratio of foreign-born residents per site. Health centers serve the whole community regardless of ability to pay or insurance status, so 'foreign-born per site' is an immigrant-load proxy, not a claim that sites are immigrant-only. The states with the fewest foreign-born residents per site (rural, low-immigrant states) get there mostly by having small immigrant populations and many small sites, not by superior immigrant access; the meaningful end is the thin end, where high-immigrant states carry few sites per immigrant. A site count is not a capacity measure. 'Foreign-born' includes naturalized citizens and is the broad immigrant-population proxy. Puerto Rico and the territories are excluded because ACS foreign-born is not comparable there."
 },
 "summary": {
  "jurisdictions": 51,
  "total_sites": 18665,
  "total_foreign_born": 47349078,
  "national_foreign_born_per_site": 2537,
  "worst": {
   "state": "New Jersey",
   "abbr": "NJ",
   "sites": 168,
   "foreign_born": 2236554,
   "foreign_born_per_site": 13313
  },
  "best": {
   "state": "West Virginia",
   "abbr": "WV",
   "sites": 536,
   "foreign_born": 32329,
   "foreign_born_per_site": 60
  },
  "spread_ratio": 221.9,
  "worst5": [
   {
    "state": "New Jersey",
    "abbr": "NJ",
    "sites": 168,
    "foreign_born": 2236554,
    "foreign_born_per_site": 13313
   },
   {
    "state": "Nevada",
    "abbr": "NV",
    "sites": 78,
    "foreign_born": 609066,
    "foreign_born_per_site": 7809
   },
   {
    "state": "Delaware",
    "abbr": "DE",
    "sites": 16,
    "foreign_born": 109282,
    "foreign_born_per_site": 6830
   },
   {
    "state": "Texas",
    "abbr": "TX",
    "sites": 829,
    "foreign_born": 5302466,
    "foreign_born_per_site": 6396
   },
   {
    "state": "Florida",
    "abbr": "FL",
    "sites": 789,
    "foreign_born": 4905727,
    "foreign_born_per_site": 6218
   }
  ],
  "best5": [
   {
    "state": "West Virginia",
    "abbr": "WV",
    "sites": 536,
    "foreign_born": 32329,
    "foreign_born_per_site": 60
   },
   {
    "state": "Montana",
    "abbr": "MT",
    "sites": 143,
    "foreign_born": 25679,
    "foreign_born_per_site": 180
   },
   {
    "state": "Mississippi",
    "abbr": "MS",
    "sites": 336,
    "foreign_born": 71918,
    "foreign_born_per_site": 214
   },
   {
    "state": "Alaska",
    "abbr": "AK",
    "sites": 228,
    "foreign_born": 56745,
    "foreign_born_per_site": 249
   },
   {
    "state": "Vermont",
    "abbr": "VT",
    "sites": 103,
    "foreign_born": 27669,
    "foreign_born_per_site": 269
   }
  ]
 },
 "jurisdictions": [
  {
   "state": "New Jersey",
   "abbr": "NJ",
   "sites": 168,
   "foreign_born": 2236554,
   "total_population": 9343809,
   "fb_pct": "23.9",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 13313,
   "population_per_site": 55618
  },
  {
   "state": "Nevada",
   "abbr": "NV",
   "sites": 78,
   "foreign_born": 609066,
   "total_population": 3184612,
   "fb_pct": "19.1",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 7809,
   "population_per_site": 40828
  },
  {
   "state": "Delaware",
   "abbr": "DE",
   "sites": 16,
   "foreign_born": 109282,
   "total_population": 1021191,
   "fb_pct": "10.7",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 6830,
   "population_per_site": 63824
  },
  {
   "state": "Texas",
   "abbr": "TX",
   "sites": 829,
   "foreign_born": 5302466,
   "total_population": 30188424,
   "fb_pct": "17.6",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 6396,
   "population_per_site": 36415
  },
  {
   "state": "Florida",
   "abbr": "FL",
   "sites": 789,
   "foreign_born": 4905727,
   "total_population": 22416077,
   "fb_pct": "21.9",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 6218,
   "population_per_site": 28411
  },
  {
   "state": "Maryland",
   "abbr": "MD",
   "sites": 174,
   "foreign_born": 1030670,
   "total_population": 6206011,
   "fb_pct": "16.6",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 5923,
   "population_per_site": 35667
  },
  {
   "state": "New York",
   "abbr": "NY",
   "sites": 876,
   "foreign_born": 4526014,
   "total_population": 19852366,
   "fb_pct": "22.8",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 5167,
   "population_per_site": 22663
  },
  {
   "state": "Minnesota",
   "abbr": "MN",
   "sites": 100,
   "foreign_born": 497722,
   "total_population": 5739445,
   "fb_pct": "8.7",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 4977,
   "population_per_site": 57394
  },
  {
   "state": "Virginia",
   "abbr": "VA",
   "sites": 239,
   "foreign_born": 1142826,
   "total_population": 8705170,
   "fb_pct": "13.1",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 4782,
   "population_per_site": 36423
  },
  {
   "state": "Utah",
   "abbr": "UT",
   "sites": 65,
   "foreign_born": 302552,
   "total_population": 3392331,
   "fb_pct": "8.9",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 4655,
   "population_per_site": 52190
  },
  {
   "state": "Massachusetts",
   "abbr": "MA",
   "sites": 298,
   "foreign_born": 1271206,
   "total_population": 7044056,
   "fb_pct": "18.0",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 4266,
   "population_per_site": 23638
  },
  {
   "state": "California",
   "abbr": "CA",
   "sites": 3011,
   "foreign_born": 10598301,
   "total_population": 39287377,
   "fb_pct": "27.0",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 3520,
   "population_per_site": 13048
  },
  {
   "state": "Illinois",
   "abbr": "IL",
   "sites": 553,
   "foreign_born": 1872449,
   "total_population": 12694798,
   "fb_pct": "14.7",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 3386,
   "population_per_site": 22956
  },
  {
   "state": "Arizona",
   "abbr": "AZ",
   "sites": 296,
   "foreign_born": 957784,
   "total_population": 7378838,
   "fb_pct": "13.0",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 3236,
   "population_per_site": 24929
  },
  {
   "state": "Georgia",
   "abbr": "GA",
   "sites": 462,
   "foreign_born": 1222778,
   "total_population": 10940407,
   "fb_pct": "11.2",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 2647,
   "population_per_site": 23681
  },
  {
   "state": "Rhode Island",
   "abbr": "RI",
   "sites": 65,
   "foreign_born": 168502,
   "total_population": 1101801,
   "fb_pct": "15.3",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 2592,
   "population_per_site": 16951
  },
  {
   "state": "Washington",
   "abbr": "WA",
   "sites": 474,
   "foreign_born": 1206843,
   "total_population": 7816116,
   "fb_pct": "15.4",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 2546,
   "population_per_site": 16490
  },
  {
   "state": "Pennsylvania",
   "abbr": "PA",
   "sites": 480,
   "foreign_born": 1004975,
   "total_population": 13018639,
   "fb_pct": "7.7",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 2094,
   "population_per_site": 27122
  },
  {
   "state": "Colorado",
   "abbr": "CO",
   "sites": 293,
   "foreign_born": 576653,
   "total_population": 5862189,
   "fb_pct": "9.8",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 1968,
   "population_per_site": 20007
  },
  {
   "state": "Hawaii",
   "abbr": "HI",
   "sites": 137,
   "foreign_born": 259001,
   "total_population": 1445235,
   "fb_pct": "17.9",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 1891,
   "population_per_site": 10549
  },
  {
   "state": "Tennessee",
   "abbr": "TN",
   "sites": 247,
   "foreign_born": 431545,
   "total_population": 7066383,
   "fb_pct": "6.1",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 1747,
   "population_per_site": 28609
  },
  {
   "state": "Nebraska",
   "abbr": "NE",
   "sites": 94,
   "foreign_born": 159084,
   "total_population": 1978707,
   "fb_pct": "8.0",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 1692,
   "population_per_site": 21050
  },
  {
   "state": "Michigan",
   "abbr": "MI",
   "sites": 490,
   "foreign_born": 728881,
   "total_population": 10077761,
   "fb_pct": "7.2",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 1488,
   "population_per_site": 20567
  },
  {
   "state": "Iowa",
   "abbr": "IA",
   "sites": 130,
   "foreign_born": 189988,
   "total_population": 3210507,
   "fb_pct": "5.9",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 1461,
   "population_per_site": 24696
  },
  {
   "state": "Oregon",
   "abbr": "OR",
   "sites": 330,
   "foreign_born": 418367,
   "total_population": 4254293,
   "fb_pct": "9.8",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 1268,
   "population_per_site": 12892
  },
  {
   "state": "District of Columbia",
   "abbr": "DC",
   "sites": 79,
   "foreign_born": 97388,
   "total_population": 681294,
   "fb_pct": "14.3",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 1233,
   "population_per_site": 8624
  },
  {
   "state": "Connecticut",
   "abbr": "CT",
   "sites": 468,
   "foreign_born": 569177,
   "total_population": 3624508,
   "fb_pct": "15.7",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 1216,
   "population_per_site": 7745
  },
  {
   "state": "North Carolina",
   "abbr": "NC",
   "sites": 810,
   "foreign_born": 973325,
   "total_population": 10730404,
   "fb_pct": "9.1",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 1202,
   "population_per_site": 13247
  },
  {
   "state": "Kansas",
   "abbr": "KS",
   "sites": 181,
   "foreign_born": 216817,
   "total_population": 2947197,
   "fb_pct": "7.4",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 1198,
   "population_per_site": 16283
  },
  {
   "state": "Oklahoma",
   "abbr": "OK",
   "sites": 219,
   "foreign_born": 256215,
   "total_population": 4028634,
   "fb_pct": "6.4",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 1170,
   "population_per_site": 18396
  },
  {
   "state": "New Hampshire",
   "abbr": "NH",
   "sites": 77,
   "foreign_born": 85632,
   "total_population": 1394868,
   "fb_pct": "6.1",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 1112,
   "population_per_site": 18115
  },
  {
   "state": "North Dakota",
   "abbr": "ND",
   "sites": 36,
   "foreign_born": 36962,
   "total_population": 784841,
   "fb_pct": "4.7",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 1027,
   "population_per_site": 21801
  },
  {
   "state": "Ohio",
   "abbr": "OH",
   "sites": 626,
   "foreign_born": 616102,
   "total_population": 11810293,
   "fb_pct": "5.2",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 984,
   "population_per_site": 18866
  },
  {
   "state": "Wisconsin",
   "abbr": "WI",
   "sites": 317,
   "foreign_born": 306979,
   "total_population": 5914872,
   "fb_pct": "5.2",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 968,
   "population_per_site": 18659
  },
  {
   "state": "Alabama",
   "abbr": "AL",
   "sites": 224,
   "foreign_born": 203578,
   "total_population": 5086768,
   "fb_pct": "4.0",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 909,
   "population_per_site": 22709
  },
  {
   "state": "South Carolina",
   "abbr": "SC",
   "sites": 341,
   "foreign_born": 305101,
   "total_population": 5296225,
   "fb_pct": "5.8",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 895,
   "population_per_site": 15531
  },
  {
   "state": "Indiana",
   "abbr": "IN",
   "sites": 492,
   "foreign_born": 431255,
   "total_population": 6851073,
   "fb_pct": "6.3",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 877,
   "population_per_site": 13925
  },
  {
   "state": "South Dakota",
   "abbr": "SD",
   "sites": 42,
   "foreign_born": 35988,
   "total_population": 907428,
   "fb_pct": "4.0",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 857,
   "population_per_site": 21605
  },
  {
   "state": "New Mexico",
   "abbr": "NM",
   "sites": 260,
   "foreign_born": 199738,
   "total_population": 2120246,
   "fb_pct": "9.4",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 768,
   "population_per_site": 8155
  },
  {
   "state": "Wyoming",
   "abbr": "WY",
   "sites": 29,
   "foreign_born": 20494,
   "total_population": 582397,
   "fb_pct": "3.5",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 707,
   "population_per_site": 20083
  },
  {
   "state": "Arkansas",
   "abbr": "AR",
   "sites": 283,
   "foreign_born": 165740,
   "total_population": 3049391,
   "fb_pct": "5.4",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 586,
   "population_per_site": 10775
  },
  {
   "state": "Missouri",
   "abbr": "MO",
   "sites": 483,
   "foreign_born": 277967,
   "total_population": 6191814,
   "fb_pct": "4.5",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 576,
   "population_per_site": 12819
  },
  {
   "state": "Idaho",
   "abbr": "ID",
   "sites": 243,
   "foreign_born": 114849,
   "total_population": 1934262,
   "fb_pct": "5.9",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 473,
   "population_per_site": 7960
  },
  {
   "state": "Louisiana",
   "abbr": "LA",
   "sites": 554,
   "foreign_born": 224537,
   "total_population": 4611961,
   "fb_pct": "4.9",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 405,
   "population_per_site": 8325
  },
  {
   "state": "Kentucky",
   "abbr": "KY",
   "sites": 672,
   "foreign_born": 211210,
   "total_population": 4534824,
   "fb_pct": "4.7",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 314,
   "population_per_site": 6748
  },
  {
   "state": "Maine",
   "abbr": "ME",
   "sites": 189,
   "foreign_born": 56448,
   "total_population": 1387817,
   "fb_pct": "4.1",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 299,
   "population_per_site": 7343
  },
  {
   "state": "Vermont",
   "abbr": "VT",
   "sites": 103,
   "foreign_born": 27669,
   "total_population": 647106,
   "fb_pct": "4.3",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 269,
   "population_per_site": 6283
  },
  {
   "state": "Alaska",
   "abbr": "AK",
   "sites": 228,
   "foreign_born": 56745,
   "total_population": 735706,
   "fb_pct": "7.7",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 249,
   "population_per_site": 3227
  },
  {
   "state": "Mississippi",
   "abbr": "MS",
   "sites": 336,
   "foreign_born": 71918,
   "total_population": 2946779,
   "fb_pct": "2.4",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 214,
   "population_per_site": 8770
  },
  {
   "state": "Montana",
   "abbr": "MT",
   "sites": 143,
   "foreign_born": 25679,
   "total_population": 1116875,
   "fb_pct": "2.3",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 180,
   "population_per_site": 7810
  },
  {
   "state": "West Virginia",
   "abbr": "WV",
   "sites": 536,
   "foreign_born": 32329,
   "total_population": 1778373,
   "fb_pct": "1.8",
   "foreign_born_per_site": 60,
   "population_per_site": 3318
  }
 ]
}