{
 "_meta": {
  "built_on": "2026-07-22",
  "source": "MigrantUSA curated policy list, cross-checked against NCSL and NILC",
  "ncsl_source": "NCSL, States Offering Driver's Licenses to Immigrants",
  "ncsl_source_url": "https://www.ncsl.org/immigration/states-offering-drivers-licenses-to-immigrants",
  "nilc_source": "NILC, State Laws Providing Access to Driver's Licenses or Cards, Regardless of Immigration Status (table, updated Aug 2025)",
  "nilc_source_url": "https://www.nilc.org/resources/state-laws-providing-dl-access/",
  "puerto_rico_note": "Puerto Rico also issues licenses regardless of immigration status (Act enacted 2013); it is noted here but not counted among the 50 states and DC.",
  "method": "Whether each of the 50 states and DC issues a standard driver's license or driving card to otherwise-eligible residents without regard to immigration status, as of 2026, with the year the enabling law was enacted. Compiled from the NCSL and NILC trackers (NILC table updated Aug 2025). The 'enacted' year is the year the law was passed, a stable historical fact; the effective/implementation date and the accepted documents, fees, and REAL ID status vary by state and change. This is general procedural information, not legal advice: confirm current requirements with your state's motor-vehicle agency before applying. Puerto Rico also offers access (2013) and is noted separately."
 },
 "summary": {
  "jurisdictions": 51,
  "offer_count": 20,
  "no_offer_count": 31,
  "earliest": {
   "state": "Washington",
   "enacted_year": 1993,
   "enabling_law": "HB 1444"
  },
  "latest": {
   "state": "Minnesota",
   "enacted_year": 2023,
   "enabling_law": "HF 4"
  },
  "offering_states": [
   {
    "state": "Washington",
    "abbr": "WA",
    "enacted_year": 1993,
    "enabling_law": "HB 1444"
   },
   {
    "state": "New Mexico",
    "abbr": "NM",
    "enacted_year": 2003,
    "enabling_law": "HB 173"
   },
   {
    "state": "Utah",
    "abbr": "UT",
    "enacted_year": 2005,
    "enabling_law": "SB 227"
   },
   {
    "state": "Illinois",
    "abbr": "IL",
    "enacted_year": 2012,
    "enabling_law": "SB 957"
   },
   {
    "state": "California",
    "abbr": "CA",
    "enacted_year": 2013,
    "enabling_law": "AB 60"
   },
   {
    "state": "Colorado",
    "abbr": "CO",
    "enacted_year": 2013,
    "enabling_law": "SB 251"
   },
   {
    "state": "Connecticut",
    "abbr": "CT",
    "enacted_year": 2013,
    "enabling_law": "HB 6495"
   },
   {
    "state": "District of Columbia",
    "abbr": "DC",
    "enacted_year": 2013,
    "enabling_law": "B 275"
   },
   {
    "state": "Maryland",
    "abbr": "MD",
    "enacted_year": 2013,
    "enabling_law": "SB 715"
   },
   {
    "state": "Nevada",
    "abbr": "NV",
    "enacted_year": 2013,
    "enabling_law": "SB 303"
   },
   {
    "state": "Vermont",
    "abbr": "VT",
    "enacted_year": 2013,
    "enabling_law": "S 38"
   },
   {
    "state": "Delaware",
    "abbr": "DE",
    "enacted_year": 2015,
    "enabling_law": "SB 59"
   },
   {
    "state": "Hawaii",
    "abbr": "HI",
    "enacted_year": 2015,
    "enabling_law": "HB 1007"
   },
   {
    "state": "New Jersey",
    "abbr": "NJ",
    "enacted_year": 2019,
    "enabling_law": "A 4743"
   },
   {
    "state": "New York",
    "abbr": "NY",
    "enacted_year": 2019,
    "enabling_law": "S 1747"
   },
   {
    "state": "Oregon",
    "abbr": "OR",
    "enacted_year": 2019,
    "enabling_law": "HB 2015"
   },
   {
    "state": "Virginia",
    "abbr": "VA",
    "enacted_year": 2020,
    "enabling_law": "HB 1211"
   },
   {
    "state": "Massachusetts",
    "abbr": "MA",
    "enacted_year": 2022,
    "enabling_law": "HB 4805"
   },
   {
    "state": "Rhode Island",
    "abbr": "RI",
    "enacted_year": 2022,
    "enabling_law": "S 2006"
   },
   {
    "state": "Minnesota",
    "abbr": "MN",
    "enacted_year": 2023,
    "enabling_law": "HF 4"
   }
  ]
 },
 "jurisdictions": [
  {
   "state": "Washington",
   "abbr": "WA",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 1993,
   "enabling_law": "HB 1444"
  },
  {
   "state": "New Mexico",
   "abbr": "NM",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2003,
   "enabling_law": "HB 173"
  },
  {
   "state": "Utah",
   "abbr": "UT",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2005,
   "enabling_law": "SB 227"
  },
  {
   "state": "Illinois",
   "abbr": "IL",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2012,
   "enabling_law": "SB 957"
  },
  {
   "state": "California",
   "abbr": "CA",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2013,
   "enabling_law": "AB 60"
  },
  {
   "state": "Colorado",
   "abbr": "CO",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2013,
   "enabling_law": "SB 251"
  },
  {
   "state": "Connecticut",
   "abbr": "CT",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2013,
   "enabling_law": "HB 6495"
  },
  {
   "state": "District of Columbia",
   "abbr": "DC",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2013,
   "enabling_law": "B 275"
  },
  {
   "state": "Maryland",
   "abbr": "MD",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2013,
   "enabling_law": "SB 715"
  },
  {
   "state": "Nevada",
   "abbr": "NV",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2013,
   "enabling_law": "SB 303"
  },
  {
   "state": "Vermont",
   "abbr": "VT",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2013,
   "enabling_law": "S 38"
  },
  {
   "state": "Delaware",
   "abbr": "DE",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2015,
   "enabling_law": "SB 59"
  },
  {
   "state": "Hawaii",
   "abbr": "HI",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2015,
   "enabling_law": "HB 1007"
  },
  {
   "state": "New Jersey",
   "abbr": "NJ",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2019,
   "enabling_law": "A 4743"
  },
  {
   "state": "New York",
   "abbr": "NY",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2019,
   "enabling_law": "S 1747"
  },
  {
   "state": "Oregon",
   "abbr": "OR",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2019,
   "enabling_law": "HB 2015"
  },
  {
   "state": "Virginia",
   "abbr": "VA",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2020,
   "enabling_law": "HB 1211"
  },
  {
   "state": "Massachusetts",
   "abbr": "MA",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2022,
   "enabling_law": "HB 4805"
  },
  {
   "state": "Rhode Island",
   "abbr": "RI",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2022,
   "enabling_law": "S 2006"
  },
  {
   "state": "Minnesota",
   "abbr": "MN",
   "offers": true,
   "enacted_year": 2023,
   "enabling_law": "HF 4"
  },
  {
   "state": "Alabama",
   "abbr": "AL",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Alaska",
   "abbr": "AK",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Arizona",
   "abbr": "AZ",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Arkansas",
   "abbr": "AR",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Florida",
   "abbr": "FL",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Georgia",
   "abbr": "GA",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Idaho",
   "abbr": "ID",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Indiana",
   "abbr": "IN",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Iowa",
   "abbr": "IA",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Kansas",
   "abbr": "KS",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Kentucky",
   "abbr": "KY",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Louisiana",
   "abbr": "LA",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Maine",
   "abbr": "ME",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Michigan",
   "abbr": "MI",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Mississippi",
   "abbr": "MS",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Missouri",
   "abbr": "MO",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Montana",
   "abbr": "MT",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Nebraska",
   "abbr": "NE",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "New Hampshire",
   "abbr": "NH",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "North Carolina",
   "abbr": "NC",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "North Dakota",
   "abbr": "ND",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Ohio",
   "abbr": "OH",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Oklahoma",
   "abbr": "OK",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Pennsylvania",
   "abbr": "PA",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "South Carolina",
   "abbr": "SC",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "South Dakota",
   "abbr": "SD",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Tennessee",
   "abbr": "TN",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Texas",
   "abbr": "TX",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "West Virginia",
   "abbr": "WV",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Wisconsin",
   "abbr": "WI",
   "offers": false
  },
  {
   "state": "Wyoming",
   "abbr": "WY",
   "offers": false
  }
 ]
}