Driver’s license in Virginia
Procedural guide on how to obtain or renew a driver’s license in Virginia as an immigrant in the United States. Includes REAL ID information, minimum ages, typically accepted documents, and whether the state allows licenses for undocumented individuals.
Key facts
| Item | Information |
|---|---|
| Issuing agency | Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles |
| Minimum age (full license) | 18 years |
| License validity | 8 years |
| REAL ID certification | December 10, 2018 |
| Allows undocumented license | Yes |
REAL ID compliance
REAL ID is a federal identification standard, and enforcement at airport checkpoints began on May 7, 2025 (6 CFR 37.5(b)). Arriving without a REAL ID compliant license/ID or another acceptable ID (US passport, permanent resident card, EAD Form I-766, foreign passport) no longer means you are simply turned away: since February 1, 2026, TSA says that if you cannot present an acceptable ID, “you will have the option to pay a $45 fee to use TSA ConfirmID. TSA will then attempt to verify your identity so you can begin the airport security screening process.” TSA puts that check at “an average of 10-15 minutes; however, it could take 30 minutes or more” — and if TSA cannot verify your identity, you are not allowed through. Federal agencies may also still be phasing enforcement in, and must reach full enforcement no later than May 5, 2027 (6 CFR 37.5(d)(4)).
Virginia was REAL ID certified: December 10, 2018
To obtain a REAL ID compliant license in Virginia, you generally need:
- Proof of identity: current passport, certified birth certificate, or equivalent document
- Social Security Number (SSN card, or a W-2, SSA-1099, non-SSA-1099 or pay stub showing it); an applicant using a foreign passport with a U.S. visa and I-94 may instead show that they are not authorized to work
- Two proofs of Virginia residency (utility bills, lease, pay stubs)
- Proof of lawful immigration status (green card, valid visa, EAD)
Undocumented individuals cannot obtain a REAL ID compliant license. In states that allow undocumented licenses, that license has a visible mark (“Not for Federal Identification” or similar) and does NOT serve as REAL ID.
Driver’s license for undocumented residents
Virginia DOES allow undocumented individuals to obtain a driver’s license or driving privilege card, under law HB 1211/SB 34 (2020).
This law creates a driving privilege card or permit for applicants who do not meet the requirements for a driver’s license or permit. The applicant must have reported income and deductions from Virginia sources, or been claimed as a dependent, on an individual income tax return filed in the preceding 12 months and may not be in violation of the insurance requirements. Applicants may not be required to present proof of legal presence in the United States. A driver privilege card or permit will expire on the applicant’s second birthday following the date of issuance. The front of a driver privilege card or permit must be identical in appearance to a driver’s license or permit that is not a REAL ID credential and the back of the card or permit must be identical in appearance to the restriction on the back of a limited-duration license, permit or special identification card.
Typically required documents
Regardless of immigration status, most state DMVs require documents in these categories:
- Identity (one of): current passport, certified birth certificate, consular ID (matrícula consular in some states)
- Social Security Number (when applicable): SSN card, W-2 form, pay stub, or SSA denial letter
- Virginia residency (two recent dated proofs): utility bill, lease agreement, bank statement, tax return
- Lawful immigration status (when applicable): green card, valid visa, I-94, EAD
How to find the Virginia DMV
For hours, office locations, appointments, and current document requirements verification:
→ Search “Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles” on Google or visit the state’s official site.
Frequently asked questions
Can I drive in Virginia with my foreign license?
In most states, yes — temporarily. Visitors can generally drive with a valid foreign license; once you become a resident, states give you only a short window to switch to a state license (in California, 10 days), so check your state’s rule.
Do they accept matrícula consular as identification?
It depends on the state, and consular ID is accepted in only some of them and only for some credential types. Check the acceptable-document list published by the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles before your appointment.
How much does the license cost?
Fees vary by license type and validity period. Check the current fee schedule on the official Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles website — that is the authoritative, up-to-date source.
How long does getting the license take?
If you pass all exams, ask the DMV whether it issues a temporary license the same day and how long the permanent card takes to arrive by mail — both vary by state.
What happens if I drive without a license?
In Virginia, driving without a valid license is a civil or criminal infraction depending on circumstances. Consequences can include: fine, vehicle impoundment, arrest, and for undocumented individuals, potential ICE contact.
Last verified: 2026-09-24. General information — not legal advice. DMV rules change; always verify with the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles before your visit.
Related procedural information
- Consulates of your country in the United States — passport renewal, consular ID, document apostille
- ITIN: tax filing without SSN — for people with a US filing or reporting obligation who aren’t eligible for an SSN
- ITIN-friendly US bank accounts — check accounts open without SSN
- State IDs by state — non-driving identification options
License and ID options available in Virginia
| License or ID type | Available in Virginia | Status required | Fee range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard driver’s license (Class C/D/E) | ✅ YES | Lawful immigration status required (unless undocumented license below applies) | See the official fee schedule | Default for most adults. Renews every 4-8 years. Most common identification document for adults. |
| REAL ID compliant license | ✅ YES | Lawful status required + proof of identity, SSN, two proofs of residence | See the official fee schedule | Since May 7, 2025, TSA asks for a REAL ID or another acceptable ID (such as a passport) on domestic flights; without one you can pay $45 for TSA ConfirmID identity verification, which TSA says it cannot guarantee. Star symbol on top right. |
| Driver’s license for undocumented residents | ✅ YES | None — see notes | See the official fee schedule | Driver Privilege Card (DPC) — effective January 2021. Requires VA residency + ITIN or non-SSN tax-filing affidavit. |
| State ID (non-driving) | ✅ YES | Lawful presence required in most states — only 19 states + DC issue a credential without it (NCSL), and not all of those extend it to the non-driving ID card | See the official fee schedule | For people who don’t drive. Same identity-verification requirements as license. |
| Enhanced Driver’s License (EDL) | ❌ NO | US citizens only | N/A | Only available in MI, MN, NY, VT, WA — use a US passport card or passport instead in Virginia. |
| Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) | ✅ YES (Class A, B, C) | SSN REQUIRED by federal law (49 CFR 383.153) + lawful status | See the official fee schedule | For driving commercial vehicles (semi-trucks, buses, hazmat). Subject to federal medical certification, drug/alcohol testing. ITIN does NOT qualify for CDL — must have SSN. Non-domiciled CDLs are federally restricted: FMCSA’s final rule (published February 13, 2026, effective March 16, 2026, reaffirming its September 29, 2025 interim final rule) limits eligibility for non-domiciled Commercial Learner’s Permits and CDLs, for foreign-domiciled individuals, to those who hold specific, verifiable employment-based nonimmigrant status. A separate FMCSA exemption granted May 14, 2026 lets any state issue one to a citizen of the Marshall Islands, Micronesia or Palau who resides in the United States and holds a valid, unexpired Freely Associated State passport and a Form I-94 or I-94A. |
| Motorcycle license (Class M) | ✅ YES | Same as regular license | See the official fee schedule | Usually an endorsement on regular license. Testing rules vary by state; some states (e.g., Idaho, California) let an approved rider-safety course waive the skills test. |
| Learner’s permit | ✅ YES | Minimum age in Virginia: 15 years, 6 months; a parent or sponsor normally signs for applicants under 18 | See the official fee schedule | First step toward full license. Requires supervised driving with licensed adult. |
| Provisional/junior license | ✅ YES | Minimum age in Virginia: 16 years, 3 months | See the official fee schedule | Limited hours, passenger restrictions. Virginia’s minimum age for a full, unrestricted license is 18 years; the graduation steps and their timing are set by state law. |
| Disabled parking placard | ✅ YES | Medical certification | See the official fee schedule | Issued separately from license. |
Where Virginia REAL ID status stands
REAL ID enforcement for boarding domestic US commercial flights began on May 7, 2025 (6 CFR 37.5(b) — the REAL ID rule is 6 CFR part 37; 49 CFR part 1560 is the Secure Flight watch-list program and contains no REAL ID provision). Without a REAL ID-compliant license or another acceptable ID (US passport, passport card, military ID), you are not automatically turned away: since February 1, 2026 TSA offers ConfirmID, a checkpoint identity check that costs $45 and takes, in TSA’s words, “an average of 10-15 minutes; however, it could take 30 minutes or more” — but if TSA cannot verify your identity, you are not allowed through. Federal agencies may run phased enforcement plans, which must achieve full enforcement no later than May 5, 2027 (6 CFR 37.5(d)(4)). A REAL ID does not replace a passport for international flights: to enter the U.S. by air, U.S. citizens need a U.S. passport or another document CBP accepts, such as a NEXUS, SENTRI or FAST card.
To qualify for a REAL ID in Virginia: prove identity (passport or certified birth certificate), Social Security Number, two proofs of Virginia residency. Lawful immigration status is required. Undocumented residents cannot obtain REAL ID — but the standard license, undocumented license (in states that allow it), and Enhanced Driver’s License (in EDL states, US citizens only) remain valid for driving.
Common reasons each license type matters for immigrants
- Standard license → drive legally; a state-issued driver’s license or ID card counts as an I-9 List B identity document if it contains a photograph or identifying information such as name, date of birth, sex, height, eye color and address (List B proves identity only — a separate List C work-authorization document, such as an unrestricted Social Security card, is also required)
- A license or card issued regardless of immigration status → drive legally, but it is not automatically an identity document: some states print theirs “Not Valid for Identification” — Delaware says its Driving Privilege Card “will NOT be considered a valid form of identification” and carries that legend on its face — so read what is printed on your own card before relying on it for I-9 or any other identification purpose
- REAL ID → board domestic US flights (post May 7, 2025)
- State ID (non-driving) → identity for opening bank accounts, signing leases, voting in some jurisdictions, registering children for school
- Enhanced DL (where available) → enter the United States from Canada, Mexico or the Caribbean through a land or sea port of entry without a passport (DHS)
- CDL → drive commercial trucks/buses (must have SSN; not available to ITIN-only)
- Motorcycle license → endorsement on regular license; testing rules vary by state